Paige+Holthe


 * Title:** Moisturizers that Provide the Best Occlusive Agents for your Skin

Which Skin Moisturizer Works the Best to Keep Skin Moist?
 * Problem:**

Skin is one of the largest parts of the human body, covering the full body. It serves many important functions in helping protect the body and many other purposes. In this experiment, skin moisturizers will be tested on artificial skin, such as JELL-O, to help investigate the best moisturizer in helping to help and prevent dry skin. "Dry skin  looks and feels rough instead of smooth, may have small cracks and/or peel off in flakes, and, in some serious cases, may have redness, bleed from deep cracks in the skin, and/or itch intensely" (//Science Buddies//). JELL-O is being used at artificial skin since it is made up of gelatin, which in terms is deprived from Collagen, that is found in many humans and animals. Collagen helps connect and support tissues ( // Science Buddies // ). While investigating on what type of moisturizers- lotions, creams, ointments- the part that is going to be looked at the most will be the ingredients. Moisturizers that are designed specifically, "For Dry Skin", is recommended. There are 2 main groups of ingredients that are found in moisturizers, which are Occlusive Agents,and Humectants, which will be looked at while figuring out the best moisturizer to get. Emollients (produced) are what is produced when Occlusive Agents and Humectants combine together. Humectants include ingredients such as glycerin, urea and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid [PCA]. Ingredients with occlusive properties include petrolatum, waxes, oils and silicones.( O'Lenick ). Most skin care products are based on the scientific principle of surfactancy. Surfactants are molecules that have an affinity for both oil and water. "This property gives surfactants the ability to form stable mixtures of oils and water, which are known as emulsions. Skin creams and lotions are examples of emulsions."( //Skin Care Products //) (Is there anything else you can use as artificial skin? With other ingredients it may not be the most accurate way. Stephen Vega) (How will the moisture be measured? Stephen Vega)
 * Background:**
 * Hypothesis:**

If there is a skin moisturizer with all 2 important ingredient groups(Occlusive Agents, Humectants-which will make up Emollients), then it will he the most affective on keeping skin moist. Ms. Miller


 * Materials:**

Are you making this in the lab? Need to focus on metric units. Ms. Miller 1. Assign a number to each skin moisturizer you want to test.
 * Permanent marker- $3.97
 * Euricin Moisturizing Creme- **$18.49**
 * Burt's Bees Shea Butter Hand Repiar Hand Creme- $8.90
 * Aquaphor Healing Ointment Advanced Theorapy- $13.17
 * Vaseline 100% Petroleum Jelly- $3.24
 * Petri dishes, 100 mm diameter x 15 mm deep $12.20
 * JELL-O® gelatin dessert (two 3-oz. packages are needed for 18 petri dishes)
 * Hot Plate
 * Measuring cup
 * Cooking pot
 * Clock or timer
 * Stirrer
 * Cup with a pouring spout
 * Graduated cylinder (50 mL volume)
 * Refrigerator
 * Paper towels or rags
 * Scale
 * Measuring tablespoon
 * Optional: Plastic wrap
 * Plastic knife or butter knife
 * Clock
 * Ruler, metric
 * Optional: Camera
 * Toothpick
 * Calculator
 * Lab notebook
 * Methods:**
 * 1) Use the permanent marker to label the containers, as shown in Figure 3 below, or you can write these numbers down in your lab notebook along with the moisturizer's name.
 * 2) In a lab notebook, also assign a number to the control samples that contain only the gelatin dessert.
 * 3) Label three petri dishes for each skin moisturizer being tested, plus three dishes for the gelatin dessert-only controls.
 * 4) There will be testing of each sample in triplicate because repeating results like this helps show that they are accurate and reproducible.

"Skin care products." //World of Invention //. Gale, 2006. //Student Resources In Context //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Follow the instructions on the gelatin dessert packaging to prepare at least 50 milliliters (mL) of gelatin dessert for each petri dish. You should prepare a little extra gelatin dessert in case some is lost while transferring it to the dishes.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Pour 50 mL into each petri dish using the cup with a pouring spout
 * 3) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">When you have poured 50 mL of gelatin dessert into all the dishes, put their lids back on and carefully move them to a shelf in the refrigerator where they will not be disturbed for four hours.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">After refrigerating the dishes for four hours, the gelatin dessert should be firm.
 * 5) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">In a lab notebook, create two data tables: one that has the time one that shows the time and the weight of the JELL-O, and the other showing the time and the height of the JELL-O
 * 6) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Remove the lid from each petri dish and set the lids aside
 * 7) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Weigh each petri dish and record its weight (as "JELL-O Alone Before Adding Moisturizer") in Table 1 in your lab notebook.
 * 8) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Using a ruler, measure the height (in centimeters [cm]) of the JELL-O in each dish, including the controls, as shown in Figure 6 below. Record this data (as "JELL-O Alone Before Adding Moisturizer") in Table 2 in your lab notebook.
 * 9) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Add 2 tablespoons (tbsp.) (30 mL) of the correct skin moisturizer to each petri dish.
 * 10) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;"> As soon as you have finished with step 6, weigh each petri dish again and record its weight as "0 hours" in the Table 1 in your lab notebook. Also measure the height of the gelatin dessert ( // not // including the moisturizer) in each petri dish again and record the height as "0 hours" in Table 2. Keep the dishes on a flat surface while measuring their height so that moisturizer does not spill out.
 * 11) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">If you have a camera, take a picture of each petri dish at this time.
 * 12) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Again weigh, and measure the height of the gelatin dessert in, the dishes at one, two, three, four, eight, and 16 hours after you added the skin moisturizer. Write their weights and gelatin dessert heights in the corresponding data tables in your lab notebook.
 * 13) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Then continue to weigh, and measure the gelatin dessert heights of, the dishes every 24 hours (after adding the skin moisturizer) and write the dishes' weights and gelatin dessert heights in the corresponding data tables
 * Bibliography:**

How will you go about conducting your experiment? -Addison Baele What will the grand total price of your experiment cost? -Addison Baele <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"The Skinny on Moisturizers: Which Works Best to Keep Skin Moist?" //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">The Skinny on Moisturizers: Which Works Best to Keep Skin Moist? //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">O'Lenick, Anthony J., Jr. "Cosmetics & Toiletries." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Comparatively Speaking: Humectants vs. Emollients vs. Occlusive Agents //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013