Addison+Baele+and+Monica+Dentino-

=The Power of Ultraviolet Rays-=


 * Problem:** What brand of sunscreen will give you the most coverage and last longest?

The reason that we decided to research the topic of sunscreen is because I (Addison) play softball in the summer and Monica plays soccer. We are both exposed to the sun and the ultraviolet light it produces. We wanted to figure out the best way to keep safe from sunburn, and also skin cancer. "One in five Americans will develop skin cancer in the course of a lifetime" (<span style="background-color: transparent !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; height: auto !important; line-height: 19.5px !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> ). Skin Cancer is the most preventable, cancerous diseases but also an important one. The easiest way to prevent it, is to wear sunscreen regularly. For our experiment are going to test the amount of time it takes for sunscreen to wear off and need reapplication. So to do this experiment we needed to find more research on sunscreen and the ingredients it has to block the UV rays. There are three types of Ultraviolet waves overall, but the two that can penetrate you skin and cause skin cancer are UV-A and UV-B. UV-A rays penetrate deep into the skin, and is the main culprit of skin cancer. UV-B effects the surface of your skin and causes sunburn. Overall the effects of sun damage causes <span style="background-color: transparent !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; height: auto !important; line-height: 19.5px !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">, moles, freckles, and skin cancer. "Cloud cover reduces UV levels, but not completely. Depending on the thickness of <span style="background-color: transparent !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; height: auto !important; line-height: 19.5px !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> cover, it is possible to burn on a cloudy day, even if it does not feel warm" (UV Radiation). But when the sun is out, sunscreen is either absorbed or scattered. The types of molecules that scatter UV rays are called titanium oxide and zinc oxide. "Zinc Oxide was introduced in sunscreen in WWII when soldiers needed protection from the sun" (Repelling the Rays:The Chemistry of Sunscreen). The types of molecules that absorb UV light are octinoxate and avobenzone. Octinoxate is the molecule that absorbs UV-A rays, and avobenzone is the molecule that absorbs UV-B rays. This information helps in our experiment because it helps us to understand the chemical properties to find what is in sunscreen and how it works. Once we figure out these things, then we can better enhance our experiment.
 * Purpose/Background Research:**


 * Hypothesis:** If you use the brand Banana Boat brand of sunscreen, then you will receive the strongest amount of protection.

1.Gather all materials 2. Take out six Ziploc plastic baggies. Place nine UV beads into each of the baggies. 3. Now take a permanent marker and label each one of the baggies in order "Nutrogena, Coppertone, Equate, Banana Boat, Aveeno, and Control" 4. Now place each of the plastic bags under a paper plate so they aren't exposed to the sunlight. 5. Make sure you are in an area so that no UV light can be exposed to the beads. 6. Take a baggie and the sunscreen that corresponds with it and later a pea sized layer onto the top of the baggie. 7. Get the timer out and ready and turn on the UV light and hold it over the baggie and start the timer at the same time 8. Stop the timer and turn off UV light when you see that the beads have reached the darkest shade of blue (navy) 9. Wipe the Sunscreen off of the baggie with a wet towel and place it under the plate again 10. Record the time in the data table (s) 11. Repeat the same routine (#6-10) for the rest of the brands of sunscreen 12. Repeat for three trial rounds for the most accurate results
 * Methods:**

 **GRAND TOTAL: $77.93**
 * Materials:**
 * 1) UV Beads- $7.95
 * 2) Banana Boat Sunscreen-
 * 3) Nutrogena
 * 4) Coppertone
 * 5) Aveeno
 * 6) Equate
 * 7) Banana Boat
 * 8) Plastic Baggies- $2.98
 * 9) Paper- $3.46
 * 10) Pencil- 97 cents
 * 11) Permanent Marker- $3.97
 * 12) Paper Plate- $5.97
 * 13) Stopwatch- (iPhone free)


 * Data:**


 * Nutrogena || Coppertone || Banana Boat || Aveeno || Equate || Control ||
 * 318 || 157 || 317 || 356 || 144 || 28 ||



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 * Sites: **

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__**Bibliography:** __ //Repelling the Rays:The Chemistry of Sunscreen //. Perf. Bytesize Science. //YouTube //. YouTube, 18 June 2012. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> v=wopwVVsbvWI>.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"<span style="background-color: transparent !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; height: auto !important; line-height: 24px !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> ." . The Skin Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts>.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"UV Radiation | SunWise | US EPA." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">EPA //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. Environmental Protection Agency, 8 Dec. 2013. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/doc/uvradiation.html>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Critiques:** Did you plan on writing out your background or were you just going to provide links? I'm curious because I've never seen it done that way before. - David Sabotta What kind of use would this experiment provide for real-life circumstances? Better knowledge of how and when to put on sunscreen? - David Sabotta

Give more detail about how sunscreen works to protect against the sun and UV rays. -Angela Jaszarowski

How do you plan to do your testing? Corinne Zimmerman

What conditions do you plan on doing your testing in? Cloudy, partly cloud, 100% sun light? Corinne Zimmerman

People don't usually buy 100 SPF. Could you test the other, more common, SPF amounts to make this more applicable to every day life? Ms. Miller

How much do you think the time will increase compared to other SPFs? -Angela Jaszarowski

You should try and use different types of sunscreen and compare them to see which brand works the best too. -Emily Kastl

What are you going to use as UV rays to change the color of the beads and will it be the same same or close to the same power as the sun? -Emily Kastl